Fig 17 Gold belt with elaborate decoration. Birds, dolphins, bees amidst acantlus, palmettes and rosettes. 
3rd-2nd century BC.
Athens, National Archaeological Museum, ST 362. 

Fig. 18 Pair of gold bracelets with cut-out vine leaves, volutes and set with garnets, amethyst and enamel. From Palaiokastro, Thessaly. 
1th century BC.
Athens, National Archaeological Museum, XP. 939. 

Fig 19 Gold necklace set with garnets and glass paste. From Palaiokastro, Thessaly. 
Late 2th-early 1st century BC.
Athens, National Archaeological Museum, XP 940. 

Fig. 20 Gold belt of strap chain and Herakles knot set with rock crystal. 
3rd century BC.
Athens, National Archaeological Museum, ST 353. 

Fig. 21 Necklace with various typical Hellenistic pendants. From Eretria. 
3rd-2nd century BC.
Athens, National Archaeological Museum, XP 781. 

Fig 22 Gold diadem with floral patterns and an Eros in the center. 
325-300 BC.
Archaeological Museum, Thessaloniki 5410, tomb A. 

Fig. 23 Pair of gold earrings from Pilinaeo, Thessaly. 
3rd century BC.
Archaeological Museum, Volos. 

Fig 24 Gold necklace. 
325-300 BC.
Archaeological Museum, Thessaloniki Z1. Derveni, tomb Z. 

Hellenistìc period
The great changes that mark the Hellenistic age (330-27 BC), initiated by the conquests of Alexander the Great and increased contacts with the East and Egypt, affected the art of jewellery too. Not only is the abundance of gold astonishing but also the creation of new types of jewellery and the introduction of other decorative themes. Polychromy (Fig.17) now came into its own, achieved by using semi-precious and even precious stones, such as chalcedony, cornelian, amethyst (fig.18), rock crystal and principally garnet (fig.19) -for less costly jewellery glass paste was substituted-. New subjects appeared, remaining well-established into Roman times, such as the Herakles knot (fig. 20), with its apotropaic character, a borrowing from Egypt, as is the Isis crown which adorns earrings from the second century B.C. Western Asia was the provenance of the crescent (fig. 21), usually featuring as a necklace pendant. A purely Greek and extremely popular motif espoused in this period was Eros (fig. 22). An important type of earring appeared around 330 BC and predominated in Hellenistic and early Roman times: the hoop with finial in the form of heads of animals, maenads, negroes or of a full figure of Eros and other devices.

Widely disseminated at this time were the pendant earrings (fig. 23) - the Eros, Nike, dove, amphora pendants embellished with gemstones or enamel, hang from a rosette very often topped by the Isis crown. The necklaces were either a broad strap chain from which hang fruits or calyxes (fig.24,25), or a round chain with animal-head, dolphin terminals (fig. 26) etc. The rings have bezels in diverse shapes (fig. 27), some set with sealstones (fig. 28) or ordinary stones. Of the several types of bracelets, particularly interesting are the snake-shape and those from Palaiokastro (fig.18) with cut-out vine leaves and inlaid stones, enamel and the large amethyst on the clasp. A chef d'oeuvre of this period is the medallion with bust of a goddess and a net of gold chains, an ornament intended for female hairstyle (fig. 29).

The diadems comprise either a single strip with repousse decoration and sometimes a pedimental finial at the centre, or a broad strap with Herakles knot at the centre and pendants.The most elaborate are decorated with floral patterns and an Eros at the center (fig. 22). The wreaths (fig. 30,31) consist of lavish foliage decoration with flowers, acorns, Erotes and Nikes.

 

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